{"id":313,"date":"2023-01-19T02:43:09","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T02:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/?page_id=313"},"modified":"2023-01-21T00:20:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-21T00:20:36","slug":"chapter-4-figures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/enhanced-figures\/chapter-4-figures\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4 Figures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Fig. 4.1. The skeleton of a mammal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.2. The skeleton of a fish.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.3. The skeleton of a bird.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.4. The skeleton of an amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.5. The skeleton of a reptile.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.6. Examples of mammal cranial bone from archaeological assemblages. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.6. Examples of mammal cranial bone from archaeological assemblages. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.6. Examples of mammal cranial bone from archaeological assemblages. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.6. Examples of mammal cranial bone from archaeological assemblages. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.6. Examples of mammal cranial bone from archaeological assemblages. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.7. Crania of a reptile, an amphibian, a mammal, and a bird.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.7. Crania of a reptile, an amphibian, and mammal. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.7. Crania of a bird.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.8. Examples of white-tailed deer antler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.8. Examples of white-tailed deer antler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.8. Examples of white-tailed deer antler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.8. Examples of white-tailed deer antler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.9 Example of bison horn.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.9 Example of bison horn.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.10 Examples of mammal, fish, bird, amphibian, and reptile vertebrae.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.10 Examples of mammal, fish, bird, amphibian, and reptile vertebrae.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.11 The 172 vertebrae of a single snake.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.11 The 172 vertebrae of a single snake.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.12 Mammal vertebrae showing the range of variation in form within a single skeleton.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.12 Mammal vertebrae showing the range of variation in form within a single skeleton.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.13 Fish vertebrae showing difference.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.13 Fish vertebrae showing difference.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.14 Bird vertebrae showing difference.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.14 Bird vertebrae showing difference.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.15 Vertebrae of a turtle compared to similarly sized snake.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.15 Vertebrae of a turtle compared to similarly sized snake.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.16 Fragments of mammal vertebrae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.16 Fragments of mammal vertebrae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.17 Fragments of fish vertebrae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.17 Fragments of fish vertebrae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.18 Fragments of bird vertebrae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.18 Fragments of bird vertebrae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.19 Mammal, fish, and bird rib from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.19 Mammal, fish, and bird rib from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.20 A bird sternum.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.20 A bird sternum.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.21 A fragment of bird sternum from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.21 A fragment of bird sternum from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.22 The pelves of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.22 The pelves of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.23 The innominates of three mammals.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.23 The innominates of three mammals.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.24 Fragments of mammal pelvic bone from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.24 Fragments of mammal pelvic bone from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.25 Fragments of bird pelvis from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.25 Fragments of bird pelvis from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.26 The shoulder girdles of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.26 The shoulder girdles of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.27 Fragments of mammal scapulae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.27 Fragments of mammal scapulae from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.28 Fragments of bird coracoid and scapula<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.28 Fragments of bird coracoid and scapula<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.29 The upper limbs of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.29 The upper limbs of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.30 Proximal coyote humerus compared to that of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.30 Proximal coyote humerus compared to that of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.31 Cross-sections of a mammal humerus and a mammal femur.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.31 Cross-sections of a mammal humerus and a mammal femur.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.32 Fragment of mammal ulna from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.32 Fragment of mammal ulna from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.33 The fused ulna and radius of a juvenile white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.33 The fused ulna and radius of a juvenile white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.34 Fragment of a mammal radius from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.34 Fragment of a mammal radius from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.35 Fragments of bird upper limbs from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.35 Fragments of bird upper limbs from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.36 The lower limbs of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.36 The lower limbs of a mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig 4.37 Proximal tibias of a coyote and a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig 4.37 Proximal tibias of a coyote and a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.38 Fragments of bird distal tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.38 Fragments of bird distal tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.39 Carpal bones of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.39 Carpal bones of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.39 Tarsal bones and some phalanges of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.39 Tarsal bones and some phalanges of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.40 Calcaneus and astragalus of a large mammal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.40 Calcaneus and astragalus of a large mammal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.40 Calcaneus and astragalus of a small mammal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.40 Calcaneus and astragalus of a small mammal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.41 Examples of mammal astraguli from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.41 Examples of mammal astraguli from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.42 A complete metatarsal and two fragmentary metacarpals of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.42 A complete metatarsal and two fragmentary metacarpals of a white-tailed deer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.43 Examples of unfused epiphyses from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Figure 4.43 Examples of unfused epiphyses from an archaeological site in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.44 The baculum of a raccoon (Procyon lotor).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Fig. 4.44 The baculum of a raccoon (Procyon lotor).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":199,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-313","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":416,"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313\/revisions\/416"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/199"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aprilbeisaw.com\/identifyingbones\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}